Semi-Rigid Coaxial Cables: Key Applications in High-Frequency Devices
- Radar Systems: Precision Signal Transmission
A. Phased Array Antennas
Semi-rigid cables are widely used in military and aerospace radar arrays due to their ability to maintain consistent phase relationships across thousands of elements.
Frequency Range: 2–40 GHz (X-band to Ka-band).
Key Requirements:
Phase stability: <0.5° variation over temperature (-55°C to +125°C). Shielding: >120 dB isolation to prevent sidelobe interference.
Example: Raytheon’s AN/SPY-6(V)1 radar uses 3.0mm semi-rigid cables with aluminum jackets to connect T/R modules, achieving a 35 dB noise reduction compared to flexible counterparts.
B. Automotive Radar (77 GHz)
Millimeter-wave radar for ADAS (Advanced Driver Assistance Systems) relies on semi-rigid cables for their low insertion loss at high frequencies.
Insertion Loss: <0.3 dB/cm at 77 GHz (e.g., Rosenberger’s 1.19mm cable).
Material: Silver-plated copper outer conductor for minimal surface roughness.
- Satellite Communications: Reliability in Extreme Conditions
A. Payload Signal Routing
In LEO (Low Earth Orbit) and GEO (Geostationary Orbit) satellites, semi-rigid cables ensure stable connectivity between amplifiers, filters, and antennas.
Key Features:
Thermal cycling tolerance: 1,000+ cycles (-65°C to +150°C).
Outgassing compliance: NASA-approved PTFE dielectrics (TML <1%, CVCM <0.1%).
Case Study: SpaceX’s Starlink satellites use 2.2mm semi-rigid cables with gold-plated brass connectors to minimize passive intermodulation (PIM <-160 dBc).
B. Ground Station Feed Networks
High-power uplink/downlink systems demand cables capable of handling kW-level RF power without arcing.
Power Handling: Up to 500 W average power (3.5mm cables with air-enhanced PTFE dielectric).
VSWR: <1.15:1 up to 18 GHz (per MIL-STD-348).
- 5G Infrastructure: Enabling Millimeter-Wave Networks
A. Massive MIMO Antennas
Semi-rigid cables connect active antenna units (AAUs) in 5G base stations, where signal consistency is critical for beamforming.
Frequency: 24–47 GHz (n258/n260/n261 bands).
Phase Matching: ±2° across 64-channel arrays (e.g., Ericsson Streetmacro 6701).
B. Small Cell Backhaul
For E-band (70/80 GHz) point-to-point links, semi-rigid cables reduce latency and loss in RF front-end modules.
Insertion Loss: <0.1 dB/mm at 80 GHz (Rogers UltraLaminate 3000 dielectric).
Bend Radius: 5mm (pre-shaped during manufacturing).
- Test & Measurement: Calibration Accuracy
A. Vector Network Analyzers (VNAs)
Semi-rigid cables serve as reference standards for calibrating VNAs up to 110 GHz.
Repeatability: <0.01 dB insertion loss variation after 10,000 mating cycles.
Example: Keysight’s N4421B calibration kits use 1.85mm connectors with phase-stable semi-rigid cables.
B. Spectrum Analyzers
In EMI/EMC testing, semi-rigid cables minimize ambient noise pickup.
Shielding Effectiveness: >130 dB at 10 GHz (double-layer copper-tin alloy shields).
- Medical Imaging: High-Frequency Signal Fidelity
A. MRI RF Coils
7T MRI systems use semi-rigid cables to connect superconducting coils, ensuring minimal SNR degradation.
Non-Magnetic Materials: CuNi9Sn2 outer conductors (magnetic susceptibility <0.01 ppm).
Loss Tangent: <0.0003 (PTFE dielectric) at 300 MHz.
- Aerospace & Defense: Mission-Critical Connectivity
A. Electronic Warfare (EW) Systems
Jamming and countermeasure systems require cables immune to high-power pulses.
Peak Power Handling: 10 kW (1 µs pulse width) for 5.0mm cables.
EMI Resistance: >90 dB shielding across 2–18 GHz (MIL-DTL-87104 compliance).
B. Avionics Data Links
In-flight entertainment (IFE) and flight control systems use semi-rigid cables for interference-free data transmission.
Fire Safety: Fluoropolymer jackets meeting FAA AC 20-135 flammability standards.
- Technical Specifications Comparison
Application Frequency Range Cable Diameter Key Material Standard Compliance
Satellite Payload 12–18 GHz 2.2mm Aluminum outer conductor ECSS-Q-ST-70-02C
5G mmWave 24–47 GHz 1.85mm Silver-plated copper 3GPP TS 38.104
Radar T/R Modules 8–12 GHz 3.0mm CuNi10Fe1Mn MIL-STD-348
MRI RF Coils 64–300 MHz 4.1mm CuNi9Sn2 ISO 10993 (Biocompatible)
- Future Trends
THz Applications: Sub-0.8mm cables with fused silica dielectrics for 6G and quantum sensing.
Additive Manufacturing: 3D-printed semi-rigid cables with graded impedance profiles.
Smart Cables: Embedded fiber Bragg gratings (FBG) for real-time strain/temperature monitoring.